Glycolic Acid

Definition: Glycolic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane. It is a colorless and odorless crystalline solid.

Use in Cosmetics: Glycolic acid is widely used in cosmetics and skin care products for its exfoliating properties. It works by gently removing the outer layer of dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover, and revealing a smoother and brighter complexion. It can help improve the appearance of uneven skin tone, fine lines, and texture irregularities. Additionally, glycolic acid can enhance the penetration of other skincare ingredients, increasing their effectiveness.

Other Names: Hydroacetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyethanoic acid, alpha hydroxy acid

Skin Sensitivities: Glycolic acid can cause skin sensitivities in some people, especially those with sensitive skin. Conducting a patch test before using products containing glycolic acid is recommended to check for any adverse reactions. Common side effects may include redness, irritation, dryness, and a stinging or burning sensation. Individuals with sensitive or compromised skin barriers should use glycolic acid with caution or under the guidance of a dermatologist.

Other Risks: When used improperly or at high concentrations, glycolic acid can cause more severe side effects such as chemical burns, blistering, and hyperpigmentation. It is important to start with a low concentration of glycolic acid and gradually increase the concentration as your skin gets used to it. This approach helps minimize the risk of adverse reactions and allows your skin to adjust to the exfoliating effects of the acid. Additionally, glycolic acid may cause redness, peeling, and irritation, particularly when overused or combined with other potentially irritating ingredients.

Safety Tips for Using Glycolic Acid:

Patch Test: Always patch test a new product on a small area of your skin before applying it to your entire face. This helps determine if you have any sensitivity or allergic reactions to the product.

Start with Low Concentration: Begin with a low concentration of glycolic acid and gradually increase it as your skin becomes accustomed to the ingredient. This gradual approach minimizes the risk of irritation and allows your skin to build tolerance over time.

Evening Use: Use glycolic acid products in the evening, as it can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. The nighttime application reduces the chances of sun sensitivity and allows your skin to recover and regenerate overnight.

Sun Protection: Wear sunscreen during the day, even if you are not using glycolic acid products. This is important because glycolic acid can increase your skin's sensitivity to the sun, making it more prone to sunburn and damage. Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF and apply it generously to protect your skin from harmful UV rays.

By following these safety tips and being mindful of your skin's response, you can safely incorporate glycolic acid into your skincare routine and enjoy its benefits while minimizing any potential risks.